http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Job
When:
Pre 2488 return to Israel with Joshua as prophecy outside of children of Israel ended those born after request of Moshe (Shemos 33:16 Rashi) (Berachot 7A) Iyov and his 3 friends included in 7 gentile prophet list.
7 bulls and 7 rams at end of Iyov must have been prior to Bilam trying similar when with Balak the son of other friend of Iyov Zoppar =Zippor.
That during time of Casdim ok as Casdim from Chesed.
Arpachshad = Chesed 1658-2096 thus Ur Casdim from pre lech lecha (Gen 12:1) Avraham.
or
Casdim are from Chesed son of Nahor and Milcah (Gen 22:22).
That during time of Sheba ok as Sheba son of Joktan family started as one of 70 base nations, another Sheba family son of Jokshan son of Keturah.
Hashem allowed Satan to test 70 year old Iyov.
Why:
Did Hashem allow Iyov to endure these trials:
To give Iyov a chance for extra merit and or be immortalized as an example we can all learn from till this day?
Silence at decision to drown by by Pharaoh (Talmud Sotah 11A)?
To teach Iyov Hashem will exercise divine providence overriding laws of nature, random theory with prayer , repentance and charity?
To shake Iyov's doubt of afterlife, and if still denied to give reward in this life?
Who:
Iyov = Jobab 2nd on Edomoite king list found at Gen: 36:33-34 and Chronicles 1.
In book of Job he was a king with 'crown off head' (Job 19:9)
From where?
Utz son of Aram son of Shem or
Utz son of Micah wife of Nahor brother of Abraham or
Utz son of Dishan son of Seir
Utz homeland of daughter of Edom (Eichah 4:21) gives credence to Iyov being second on king of Edom list.
Friends of Job:
Eliphaz (???????? / ???????? "My God is strength", Standard Hebrew Elifaz, Tiberian Hebrew ?Elîp?az / ?Elîp?az) was the first-born son of Esau by his wife Adah. He had six sons, one of whom was Amalek, born to his concubine Timna, who was the ancestral enemy of the Israelite people (Exodus 17:16; Deuteronomy 25:19). The Midrash relates that when Jacob escaped from Esau and fled to his uncle Laban in Haran, Esau sent Eliphaz to pursue and kill Jacob. When they met Jacob implored Eliphaz not to kill him, but Eliphaz challenged that he had his father's instructions to fulfill. Jacob gave everything he had with him to Eliphaz and said, "A poor person is as good as dead." Eliphaz was satisfied and left his uncle naked and penniless, but still alive.
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Eliphaz son of Esav could be Iyov(job's) close friend. In 'The Complex Creation' chapter 14 Roger M. Pearlman connects Zophar to Zippor father of Balak (Numbers 22:2). Moses wrote the book of Iyov(Job)(Talmud Bava Basra 15A-16B). Moses was 80 the time of the Exodus Torah time lined to 2448 from Creation (1312BCE). Eliphaz was already old when he visited Iyov.(See comments in Iyov by his attendant Elihu). Eliphaz was a contemporary of friends Iyov, Zophar, and the descendent of Shuah. Jacob was born in 2108, 260 years before Moses was born. Jacob was 63 when he left home, then spent 14 years of study in the academy of Shem and Ever. So when he went to Lavan's house in Haran he was 77, 183 years before the birth of Moses. Eliphaz eldest son of Jacob's twin brother Esav was about 17 when sent to get Jacob. So Eliphaz lived 200 years if he lived till the birth of Moses. In the Complex Creation, chapter 9 demonstrates why 100-200 was a typical full low stress life span for those born at that time. Building radiation levels post flood kept halving life spans every generation from around 900 till current levels were reached around the birth of Moses. Keep that in mind in order to accurately calibrate isotope dating over 3,300 years. So it is reasonable to suspect Eliphaz the son of Esav could have visited Iyov after Pharaoh decreed to cast all male babies in the water.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliphaz"---
Zophar = Zipor?
Zophar the Naamathite
Zipor the father of Balak (Numbers 22:2)
Balak had already made a name for self as mighty warrior when retained by Moab as king.
or
Tzepho son of Eliphaz son of Esau (Gen: 36:15) , Ramban.
Zipor and Tzepho may be one in the same as Balak not a Moabite but inaugarated their king due to fear of Israel.
Naamathite: Perhaps refers to great grandfather Abraham who was known to be reliable(Neeman) to Hashem.
Much later at the time of Elisha there will be a Naaman general of Aram perhaps a descendent.
Bildad the Shuhite
Shuah son of Keturah(Hagar) and Abraham
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Elihu son of Barakhael the Buzite of the Ram family.
perhaps Barakhael is son of grandson of Buz son of Milcah and Nahor brother of Abraham.
There is also a Ram the father of Aminadav the father of Nahshon from Yehudah
medical? attendant of Iyov a lot younger (unless said tongue in cheek).
A Jew or from Avraham as per Rashbam.
Other:
Derakon etymology for Dragon